![]() During the First Crusade, which lasted from 1095 to 1099, European Christian armies defeated Jerusalem and established the Crusader States. "The problem is that this numbering system is not comprehensive and nor was it used by contemporaries. "Historians are generally pretty consistent in numbering five of the largest crusading campaigns to the Eastern Mediterranean, using terms such as 'First Crusade', 'Second Crusade,' etc," Morton wrote. ![]() Several Crusades took place between the 11th and 13th centuries, but the precise number is still debated among historians. (Image credit: Public Domain / Bibliothèque nationale de France) How many crusades were there? ![]() The Council of Clermont in 1085 is considered to have launched the Crusades, when Pope Urban II gave a speech calling for the reconquest of the Holy Land. ![]()
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